DIEREGESONDHEID EN PRODUKSIESEKTOR VERGADER IN PARYS / ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION SECTOR GATHERED IN PARIS
DIEREGESONDHEID EN PRODUKSIESEKTOR VERGADER IN PARYS
Die 91ste jaarlikse algemene sessie en eeufeesviering van die Wêreldorganisasie vir Dieregesondheid (WOAH, voorheen bekend as die OIE) wat onlangs in Parys plaasgevind het, is bygewoon deur me Marzanne Roets, dr Gideon Brückner en mnr Adrian Todd van die Nasionale Dieregesondheidsforum.
Die tema, die begin van die volgende fase van vordering, het ‘n gepaste tyd gebied om te besin oor die rol van dieregesondheid in die bereiking van globale volhoubaarheidsdoelwitte en kon duidelik in die meeste van die besprekings gesien word.
Terwyl die dieregesondheid- en produksiesektore in Parys bymekaargekom het, het dit ‘n kans gebied om huidige One Health-uitdagings onder die loep te neem wat vee en menslike gesondheid beïnvloed sowel as voedselsekerheid, landelike lewensbestane en die omgewing.
Dr Emmanuelle Soubeyran is verkies as nuwe direkteur-generaal vir die tydperk 2024 tot 2029, wat die begin van ‘n nuwe era vir globale dieregesondheid te midde van vinnig ontwikkelende uitdagings wêreldwyd inlui. Groter samewerking sal nou belangriker as ooit wees.
Meer as 1 100 deelnemers uit 166 lande en gebiede het die geleentheid persoonlik bygewoon – insluitende verteenwoordigers van lidlande sowel as wetenskaplikes en waarnemers van vennootorganisasies.
Die siektes wat ‘n groot impak op die meeste lande het, sluit in hoogs patogeniese voëlgriep, bek-en-klouseer, Afrika-varkpes en alle vektoroordraagbare siektes insluitend soönotiese siektes. Hierdie onderwerpe is in diepte deur die WOAH-wetenskaplike kommissie bespreek. Hier is ‘n paar van die uitkomste van hul bevindinge:
Bek-en-klouseer
Altesaam 46 lande/gebiede het die teenwoordigheid van bek-en-klouseer in 2023 of vroeg in 2024 (vanaf 8 Maart) by die WOAH aangemeld. Op 8 Maart 2024 was daar 67 lede, 31 wat as bek-en-klouseer-vry erken word waar inenting nie toegepas word nie, en twee lede wat as bek-en-klouseer-vry erken word waar inenting toegepas word. Twaalf lede word erken dat hulle bek-en-klouseer-vrye sones het: 6 lede met beide sones waar inenting nie toegepas word nie en sones waar inenting toegepas word, 4 lede met slegs bek-en-klouseer-vrye sones waar inenting nie toegepas word nie en twee lede wat erken word as slegs bek-en-klouseer- vrye sones waar inenting toegepas word.
Die opsporing van nuwe serotipes in lande kan ‘n rede tot kommer wees, aangesien dit vinnige aanpassing van beheerstrategieë verg. Entstowwe moet aangepas word by die sirkulerende entstofstamme, wat dus konstante monitering vereis. Die vinnige verspreiding van serotipe SAT 2 na nuwe gebiede vroeg in 2023 het die aandag van die internasionale gemeenskap getrek.
Gedurende die oorsigtydperk is SAT 2 vir meer as 10 jaar aangemeld in dele van Oos-Afrika (Kenia, Ethiopië, Tanzanië, Zimbabwe), Wes-Afrika (Benin) en Suider-Afrika (Botswana, Namibië, Suid-Afrika) en vir twee tot nege jaar in ander lande in hierdie streke sowel as in Sentraal-Afrika (Angola, Kameroen, Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo). In Noord-Afrika en die Midde-Ooste is SAT 2 voor 2023 in Egipte (in 2012, 2014 en tussen 2016 en 2020), Palestina (in 2012 en 2013) en Soedan (in 2007, 2009 en 2013) aangemeld.
Hierdie verspreiding word waarskynlik onderskat aangesien die beskikbaarheid van inligting grootliks afhang van die tiperingsvermoë van die lande wat geraak word. WOAH beveel aan dat buurlande en handelsvennote toepaslike toesig en voorkoming verseker.
Alle vektoroordraagbare siektes insluitende soönotiese siektes
Van die 90 siektes van landdiere wat tans deur WOAH gelys word, is byna ‘n derde vektoroordraagbaar (geheel of waarvoor vektore ‘n belangrike rol speel), waarvan sommige ‘n beduidende evolusie in 2023 en vroeg in 2024 getoon het.
Hoogs patogene voëlgriep
Om verliese weens voëlgriep te beperk, word inenting deur sommige lande oorweeg. Soos beskryf in die relevante WOAH-standaarde, kan inenting teen voëlgriep oorweeg word as deel van ‘n breër siektevoorkoming- en beheerstrategie. In Desember 2023 het die WOAH ‘n beleidsopdrag oor die gebruik van inenting gepubliseer. Van die 139 lande en gebiede wat teen 8 Maart 2024 een of albei van hul ses-maandelikse verslae oor gelyste landdiersiektes vir 2023 ingedien het, het sewe die implementering van amptelike inenting teen voëlgriep aangemeld: China, Egipte, Hong Kong, Indonesië, Kasakstan, Rusland en Oesbekistan. Die WOAH verwag dat hierdie lys sal groei sodra alle lede hul ses-maandelikse verslae vir 2023 ingedien het. Die doeltreffendheid van die inenting van pluimvee teen voëlgriep hang af van die gebruik van toepaslike entstowwe teen die aanbevole dosisse en ouderdom.
Afrika varkpes
Gegewe die huidige wêreldwye teenwoordigheid en verspreiding van Afrika varkpes en sy komplekse epidemiologie, word die beheer van die siekte al hoe meer uitdagend. Inenting kan ‘n doeltreffende hulpmiddel vir siektebeheer wees, maar daar is lank reeds ‘n gebrek aan doeltreffende entstowwe om Afrika varkpes te beheer. Nog ‘n belangrike manier om die impak en verspreiding van die siekte op grondvlak te verminder, is die implementering van sonering en kompartementalisering.
Bron : Nasionale Dieregesondheidsforum (NAHF)
ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION SECTOR GATHERED IN PARIS
The 91st annual general session and centenary celebration of the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, previously known as the OIE) which recently took place in Paris, was attended by Ms Marzanne Roets, Dr Gideon Brückner and Mr Adrian Todd of the National Animal Health Forum.
The theme of embarking on the next phase of progress provided an opportune time to reflect on the role of animal health in achieving global sustainability goals was evident in most of the discussions.
As the animal health and production sectors gathered in Paris, it presented a chance to consider current One Health-challenges that impact livestock, and by extension, human health, food security, rural livelihoods and the environment.
Dr Emmanuelle Soubeyran was elected as new director-general for the period 2024 until 2029, signifying the start of a new era for global animal health amid rapidly evolving challenges worldwide. Greater collaboration will now be more important than ever.
Over 1 100 participants from 166 countries and territories joined the event in person – including representatives of member countries as well as scientists and observers from partner organisations.
The diseases of immense impact on most countries include highly pathogenic Avian influenza (HPAI), foot and mouth disease (FMD), African swine fever (AFS) and all vector borne diseases including zoonotic diseases. These topics were discussed in depth by the WOAH scientific commission. Here are some of the outcomes from their findings:
Foot and mouth disease
A total of 46 countries/territories reported the presence of FMD in 2023 or early 2024 (as of 8 March) at WOAH. As of 8 March 2024, there were 67 members, 31 recognised as FMD-free where vaccination is not practised, and two members recognised as FMD-free where vaccination is practised. Twelve members were recognised as having FMD-free zones: six members with both zones where vaccination is not practised and zones where vaccination is practised, four members with only FMD-free zones where vaccination is not practised, and two members recognised with only FMD-free zones where vaccination is practised.
The detection of new serotypes in countries can be a cause for concern, as it requires rapid adaptation of control strategies. Vaccines need to be adapted to the circulating vaccine strains, which therefore require constant monitoring. The rapid spread of serotype SAT 2 to new areas in early 2023 has attracted the attention of the international community.
During the period under review, SAT 2 was reported for more than 10 years in parts of East Africa (Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe), West Africa (Benin) and Southern Africa (Botswana, Namibia, South Africa) and for two to nine years in other countries in these regions as well as in Central Africa (Angola, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo). In North Africa and the Middle East, SAT 2 was reported before 2023 in Egypt (in 2012, 2014 and between 2016 and 2020), Palestine (in 2012 and 2013) and Sudan (in 2007, 2009 and 2013).
This distribution is likely underestimated as the availability of information depends largely on the typing capacity in the countries affected. WOAH recommends that neighbouring countries and trading partners ensure appropriate surveillance and prevention.
All vector borne diseases including zoonotic diseases
Of the 90 diseases of terrestrial animals currently listed by WOAH, almost a third are vector-borne (entirely or for which vectors play an important role), some of which have shown a significant evolution in 2023 and early 2024.
Highly pathogenic Avian influenza
To limit losses due to HPAI, vaccination is being considered by some countries. As described in the relevant WOAH standards, vaccination against avian influenza could be considered as part of a broader disease prevention and control strategy. In December 2023, WOAH published a policy brief on the use of vaccination. Of the 139 countries and territories that had submitted one or both of their six-monthly reports on listed terrestrial animal diseases for 2023 by 8 March 2024, seven reported the implementation of official vaccination against HPAI: China, Egypt, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Russia and Uzbekistan. WOAH expects this list to grow once all members have submitted their six-monthly reports for 2023. The effectiveness of vaccinating poultry against HPAI depends on the use of appropriate vaccines at the recommended doses and age.
African swine fever
Given the current global presence and spread of ASF, and its complex epidemiology, controlling the disease is becoming increasingly challenging. Vaccination can be an effective tool for disease control, but there has long been a lack of effective vaccines to control ASF. Another important way to reduce the impact and spread of ASF at country level is the implementation of zoning and compartmentalisation.
Source : National Animal Health Forum (NAHF)
